Pendidikan Mekanika Klasik

Classical mechanics

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Angga Fuja W., Arip Nurahman, Dzikri Rahmat R., Deden Anugrah H., Cecepullah, Bambang Achdiat,

Rizkiana Putra M., Iqbal R., Purwanto, Yogaswara A., Rulli Alfian at all

Department of Physics
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Follower Open Course Ware at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Department of Physics
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Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering
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Classical mechanics (commonly confused with Newtonian mechanics, which is a subfield thereof) is used for describing the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. It produces very accurate results within these domains, and is one of the oldest and largest subjects in science and technology.

Besides this, many related specialties exist, dealing with gases, liquids, and solids, and so on. Classical mechanics is enhanced by special relativity for objects moving with high velocity, approaching the speed of light; general relativity is employed to handle gravitation at a deeper level; and quantum mechanics handles the wave-particle duality of atoms and molecules.

In physics, classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of study in the science of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws governing and mathematically describing the motions of bodies and aggregates of bodies. The other sub-field is quantum mechanics.

The term classical mechanics was coined in the early 20th century to describe the system of mathematical physics begun by Isaac Newton and many contemporary 17th century workers, building upon the earlier astronomical theories of Johannes Kepler, which in turn were based on the precise observations of Tycho Brahe and the studies of terrestrial projectile motionGalileo, but before the development of quantum physics and relativity. Therefore, some sources exclude so-called "relativistic physics" from that category. However, a number of modern sources do include Einstein's mechanics, which in their view represents classical mechanics in its most developed and most accurate form. The initial stage in the development of classical mechanics is often referred to as Newtonian mechanics, and is associated with the physical concepts employed by and the mathematical methods invented by Newton himself, in parallel with Leibniz, and others. This is further described in the following sections. More abstract and general methods include Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics. While the terms classical mechanics and Newtonian mechanics are usually considered equivalent (if relativity is excluded), much of the content of classical mechanics was created in the 18th and 19th centuries and extends considerably beyond (particularly in its use of analytical mathematics) the work of Newton. of

Contents 1 Description of the theory 1.1 Displacement and its derivatives 1.1.1 Velocity and speed 1.1.2 Acceleration 1.1.3 Frames of reference 1.2 Forces; Newton's Second Law 1.3 Energy 1.4 Beyond Newton's Laws 1.5 Classical transformations 2 History 3 Limits of validity 3.1 The Newtonian approximation to special relativity 3.2 The classical approximation to quantum mechanics 4 Notes 5 References 6 See also 6.1 Branches 7 External links Classical mechanics Newton's Second Law History of ... [show]Fundamental concepts Space · Time · Mass · Force Energy · Momentum [show]Formulations Newtonian mechanics Lagrangian mechanics Hamiltonian mechanics [show]Branches Dynamics Kinematics Applied mechanics Celestial mechanics Continuum mechanics Statistical mechanics [show]Scientists Newton · Euler · d'Alembert · Clairaut Lagrange · Laplace · Hamilton · Hertz This box: view • talk • edit The SI derived units with kg, m and s displacement m speed m s−1 acceleration m s−2 jerk m s−3 specific energy m² s−2 absorbed dose rate m² s−3 moment of inertia kg m² momentum kg m s−1 angular momentum kg m² s−1 force kg m s−2 torque kg m² s−2 energy kg m² s−2 power kg m² s−3 pressure kg m−1 s−2 surface tension kg s−2 irradiance kg s−3 kinematic viscosity m² s−1 dynamic viscosity kg m−1 s

Classical Mechanics

an introductory course




Richard Fitzpatrick


Associate Professor of Physics


The University of Texas at Austin

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• Introduction
  • Major sources:
  • What is classical mechanics?
  • mks units
  • Standard prefixes
  • Other units
  • Precision and significant figures
  • Dimensional analysis
  • Worked example 1.1: Conversion of units
  • Worked example 1.2: Tire pressure
  • Worked example 1.3: Dimensional analysis
  
  
• Motion in 1 dimension
  • Introduction
  • Displacement
  • Velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Motion with constant velocity
  • Motion with constant acceleration
  • Free-fall under gravity
  • Worked example 2.1: Velocity-time graph
  • Worked example 2.2: Speed trap
  • Worked example 2.3: The Brooklyn bridge
  
  
• Motion in 3 dimensions
  • Introduction
  • Cartesian coordinates
  • Vector displacement
  • Vector addition
  • Vector magnitude
  • Scalar multiplication
  • Diagonals of a parallelogram
  • Vector velocity and vector acceleration
  • Motion with constant velocity
  • Motion with constant acceleration
  • Projectile motion
  • Relative velocity
  • Worked example 3.1: Broken play
  • Worked example 3.2: Gallileo's experiment
  • Worked example 3.3: Cannon shot
  • Worked example 3.4: Hail Mary pass
  • Worked example 3.5: Flight UA589
  
  
• Newton's laws of motion
  • Introduction
  • Newton's first law of motion
  • Newton's second law of motion
  • Hooke's law
  • Newton's third law of motion
  • Mass and weight
  • Strings, pulleys, and inclines
  • Friction
  • Frames of reference
  • Worked example 4.1: In equilibrium
  • Worked example 4.2: Block accelerating up a slope
  • Worked example 4.3: Raising a platform
  • Worked example 4.4: Suspended block
  
  
• Conservation of energy
  • Introduction
  • Energy conservation during free-fall
  • Work
  • Conservative and non-conservative force-fields
  • Potential energy
  • Hooke's law
  • Motion in a general 1-dimensional potential
  • Power
  • Worked example 5.1: Bucket lifted from a well
  • Worked example 5.2: Dragging a treasure chest
  • Worked example 5.3: Stretching a spring
  • Worked example 5.4: Roller coaster ride
  • Worked example 5.5: Sliding down a plane
  • Worked example 5.6: Driving up an incline
  
  
• Conservation of momentum
  • Introduction
  • Two-component systems
  • Multi-component systems
  • Rocket science
  • Impulses
  • Collisions in 1-dimension
  • Collisions in 2-dimensions
  • Worked example 6.1: Cannon in a railway carriage
  • Worked example 6.2: Hitting a softball
  • Worked example 6.3: Skater and medicine ball
  • Worked example 6.4: Bullet and block
  • Worked example 6.5: Elastic collision
  • Worked example 6.6: 2-dimensional collision
  
  
• Circular motion
  • Introduction
  • Uniform circular motion
  • Centripetal acceleration
  • The conical pendulum
  • Non-uniform circular motion
  • The vertical pendulum
  • Motion on curved surfaces
  • Worked example 7.1: A banked curve
  • Worked example 7.2: Circular race track
  • Worked example 7.3: Amusement park ride
  • Worked example 7.4: Aerobatic maneuver
  • Worked example 7.5: Ballistic pendulum
  
  
• Rotational motion
  • Introduction
  • Rigid body rotation
  • Is rotation a vector?
  • The vector product
  • Centre of mass
  • Moment of inertia
  • Torque
  • Power and work
  • Translational motion versus rotational motion
  • The physics of baseball
  • Combined translational and rotational motion
  • Worked example 8.1: Balancing tires
  • Worked example 8.2: Accelerating a wheel
  • Worked example 8.3: Moment of inertia of a rod
  • Worked example 8.4: Weight and pulley
  • Worked example 8.5: Hinged rod
  • Worked example 8.6: Horsepower of engine
  • Worked example 8.7: Rotating cylinder
  
  
• Angular momentum
  • Introduction
  • Angular momentum of a point particle
  • Angular momentum of an extended object
  • Angular momentum of a multi-component system
  • Worked example 9.1: Angular momentum of a missile
  • Worked example 9.2: Angular momentum of a sphere
  • Worked example 9.3: Spinning skater
  
  
• Statics
  • Introduction
  • The principles of statics
  • Equilibrium of a laminar object in a gravitational field
  • Rods and cables
  • Ladders and walls
  • Jointed rods
  • Worked example 10.1: Equilibrium of two rods
  • Worked example 10.2: Rod supported by a cable
  • Worked example 10.3: Leaning ladder
  • Worked example 10.4: Truck crossing a bridge
  • Worked example 10.5: Rod supported by a strut
  
  
• Oscillatory motion
  • Introduction
  • Simple harmonic motion
  • The torsion pendulum
  • The simple pendulum
  • The compound pendulum
  • Uniform circular motion
  • Worked example 11.1: Piston in steam engine
  • Worked example 11.2: Block and spring
  • Worked example 11.3: Block and two springs
  • Worked example 11.4: Energy in simple harmonic motion
  • Worked example 11.5: Gravity on a new planet
  • Worked example 11.6: Oscillating disk
  
  
• Orbital motion
  • Introduction
  • Historical background
  • Gravity
  • Gravitational potential energy
  • Satellite orbits
  • Planetary orbits
  • Worked example 12.1: Gravity on Callisto
  • Worked example 12.2: Acceleration of a rocket
  • Worked example 12.3: Circular Earth orbit
  • Worked example 12.4: Halley's comet
  • Worked example 12.5: Mass of star
  • Worked example 12.6: Launch energy
  
  
• About this document ...

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