Elektronika Dasar

Oleh:

Arip Nurahman

Pendidikan Fisika, FPMIPA. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
&
Follower Open Course Ware at MIT-Harvard University, Cambridge. USA.



Pengenalan Laboratorium Elektronika Dasar




PANDUAN MENGIKUTI PRAKTIKUM LABORATORIUM DASAR

TEKNIK ELEKTRO di ITB

1. KELENGKAPAN
Setiap praktikan wajib berpakaian lengkap, mengenakan celana panjang/ rok, kemeja dan mengenakan sepatu. Praktikan wajib membawa kelengkapan berikut:
• Modul praktikum
• Buku Catatan Laboratorium (BCL)
• Alat tulis (Kalkulator, Laptop jika diperlukan)
• Name tag
• Kartu Praktikum

2. PERSIAPAN

2.a. Sebelum Praktikum
• Membaca dan memahami isi modul praktikum
• Mengerjakan hal-hal yang dapat dikerjakan sebelum praktikum dilaksanakan, misalnya mengerjakan soal perhitungan, menyalin source code, mengisi Kartu Praktikum dll.
• Mengerjakan Tugas Pendahuluan
• Mengisi daftar hadir
• Mengambil kunci loker dan melengkapi administrasi peminjaman kunci loker (dengan menukar kartu identitas: KTM/ SIM/ KTP)

2.b. Selama Praktikum
• Baca terlebih dahulu Panduan Umum Keselamatan dan Penggunaan Peralatan Laboratorium
• Perhatikan dan kerjakan setiap percobaan dengan waktu sebaik-baiknya, diawali dengan kehadiran praktikan secara tepat waktu
• Kumpulkan Kartu Praktikum pada asisten
• Dokumentasikan pada BCL (lihat Petunjuk Penggunaan BCL) tentang hal-hal penting terkait percobaan yang sedang dilakukan

2.c. Setelah Praktikum
• Pastikan BCL telah ditandatangani oleh asisten
• Kembalikan kunci loker dan melengkapi administrasi pengembalian kunci loker (pastikan kartu identitasnya diperoleh kembali)
• Kerjakan laporan (lihat Panduan Penulisan Laporan)
• Kumpulkan laporan pada lemari (sesuai nama asistennya) di RuangTU Lab Dasar. Waktu pengumpulan paling lambat jam 16.30, setiap hari kerja berikutnya setelah praktikum dilaksanakan.




5. PERGANTIAN JADWAL

5.a. Kasus Biasa
• Pertukaran jadwal hanya dapat dilakukan per kelompok dangan modul yang sama
• Isi Form Pergantian Jadwal, lalu tunjukkan pada asisten yang bersangkutan, Kordas yang bersangkutan atau TU Lab. Dasar untuk ditandatangani
• Serahkan Form Pergantian Jadwal yang sudah ditandatangani tadi pada asisten saat praktikum

5.b. Kasus Sakit atau Urusan Mendesak Pribadi Lainnya
• Isi Form Surat Ijin Masuk untuk mendapatkan jadwal pengganti dengan melampirkan surat keterangan dokter (bagi yang sakit) atau surat terkait lainnya
• Form Pergantian Jadwal diserahkan pada TU Lab. Dasar
• Praktikan yang bersangkutan sebelum kesempatan jadwal praktikum selanjutnya harus meminta jadwal praktikum pengganti ke Kordas praktikum terkait

5.c. Kasus "KEPENTINGAN MASSAL"
• ”Kepentingan massal” terjadi jika ada lebih dari 1/3 rombongan praktikan yang tidak dapat melaksanakan praktikum pada satu hari yang sama karena alasan yang terkait kegiatan akademis
• Isi Form Pergantian Jadwal dan serahkan pada TU Lab. Dasar secepatnya. Jadwal praktikum pengganti satu hari itu akan ditentukan kemudian oleh Kordas praktikum yang bersangkutan

6. SANKSI
• Pengabaian aturan-aturan di atas dapat dikenakan sanksi pengguguran nilai praktikum terkait.
• Baca Buku Panduan Peraturan Lab Dasar berikut.

Electronic circuit simulation uses mathematical models to replicate the behavior of an actual electronic device or circuit. Simulation software allows for modeling of circuit operation and is an invaluable analysis tool. Due to its highly accurate modeling capability, manyColleges and Universities use this type of software for the teaching of electronics technician and electronics engineering programs. Electronics simulation software engages the user by integrating them into the learning experience. These kinds of interactions actively engage learners to analyze, synthesize, organize, and evaluate content and result in learners constructing their own knowledge^[1].

Simulating a circuit’s behavior before actually building it can greatly improve design efficiency by making faulty designs known as such, and providing insight into the behavior of electronics circuit designs. In particular, for integrated circuits, the tooling (photomasks) is expensive,breadboards are impractical, and probing the behavior of internal signals is extremely difficult. Therefore almost all IC design relies heavily on simulation. The most well known analog simulator is SPICE. Probably the best known digital simulators are those based on Verilog andVHDL.

Some electronics simulators integrate a schematic editor, a simulation engine, and on-screen waveforms (see Figure 1), and make “what-if” scenarios easy and instant. They also typically contain extensive model and device libraries. These models typically include IC specifictransistor models such as BSIM, generic components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and transformers, user defined models (such as controlled current and voltage sources, or models in Verilog-A or VHDL-AMS). Printed circuit board (PCB) design requires specific models as well, such as transmission lines for the traces and IBIS models for driving and receiving electronics.

Digital circuits

Main article: Digital electronics

Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit", "digital system" and "logic" are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuits use a binary system with two voltage levels labeled "0" and "1". Often logic "0" will be a lower voltage and referred to as "Low" while logic "1" is referred to as "High". However, some systems use the reverse definition ("0" is "High") or are current based. Ternary (with three states) logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made.Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to control industrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits.Digital Signal Processors are another example.

Building-blocks:

• Logic gates
• Adders
• Flip-Flops
• Counters
• Registers
• Multiplexers
• Schmitt triggers

Highly integrated devices:

• Microprocessors
• Microcontrollers
• Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
• Digital signal processor (DSP)
• Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)

References

1. ^ http://e-articles.info/e/a/title/Disadvantages-and-Advantages-of-Simulations-in-Online-Education/
2. ^ Mengue and Vignat,jjj Entry in the University of Marne, at Vallee
3. ^ P. Fishwick, Entry in the University of Florida
4. ^ J. Pedro and N. Carvalho, Entry in the Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
5. ^ L. Walken and M. Bruckner, Event-Driven Multimodal Technology
6. ^ P. Pejovic, D. Maksimovic, A new algorithm for simulation of power electronic systems using piecewise-linear device models
7. ^ J. Allmeling, W. Hammer, PLECS piece-wise linear electrical circuit simulation for Simulink

External links

• Free Great Java Circuit Simulation by Paul Falstad - Free Educational Great Java Circuit Simulation
• Linear Tech's LTSpice - LTSpice analog and digital simulator, runs under Windows and Linux.
• Multisim website - Circuit simulation software from National Instruments
• CircuitLogix website - electronics circuit simulator
• Circuit Simulator Analyses - circuitdesign.info
• Electronic Circuit Simulation Applet
• GeckoCIRCUITS website - Free power electronics circuit simulator (Java Applet)

Sources:

Wikipedia